Steady state equilibrium

The meaning of $A^T$

• Steady state equilibrium
• Graph Laplacian matrix $A^{T}CA$
• Differential equation and Laplacian matrix
• Derivative is a graph without branch.
• Row space and column space are dual.
• $A$ and $A^T$ are dual.

ref) Linear algebra and learning from data, Part IV, Gilbert Strang